---
title: Insights - VeriLeges
description: Practical insights on AI hallucinations, legal source verification, and accountable AI usage in legal practice.
image: https://app.verileges.nl/verileges-og.png
---

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AI & legal practice

# AI in legal practice

Practical examples, warnings, and analysis on generative AI use in the legal sector.

About the makers

![Robert Sikkema](https://www.verileges.nl/hs-fs/hubfs/marketing/team/robert-sikkema.png?width=56&height=56&name=robert-sikkema.png)

**Robert Sikkema**Co-founder & lawyer[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/sikkemarobert/)

![Peter van Rij](https://www.verileges.nl/hs-fs/hubfs/marketing/team/peter-van-rij.png?width=56&height=56&name=peter-van-rij.png)

**Peter van Rij**Co-founder & developer[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pwovanrij/)

[More about Softron B.V.](https://www.verileges.nl/en/over-verileges?hsLang=en)

## Recent Dutch examples

Dutch courts and disciplinary bodies have repeatedly encountered AI-generated legal texts containing incorrect or fabricated citations.

### Reprimand after uncritical AI use in tenancy cases

30 July 2026

The Disciplinary Board in ’s-Hertogenbosch reprimanded a lawyer who copied non-existent and incorrect case law from an AI tool into two tenancy cases. One ECLI number did not exist; seven others pointed to completely different cases. The lawyer had not checked the generated sources.

[Source: Advocatie](https://www.advocatie.nl/nieuws/berisping-voor-advocate-na-klakkeloos-gebruik-ai-tool-in-huurzaken/)

### Judges catch citizens and lawyers using incorrect AI information

3 June 2026

BNR analysed recent case law and found non-existent jurisprudence or other AI-generated materials from citizens and lawyers in at least thirteen cases. Judges are spotting this more often, and the pressure on the courts is increasing.

[Source: BNR](https://www.bnr.nl/nieuws/juridisch/10602119/rechters-betrappen-burgers-en-advocaten-op-foutieve-ai-informatie)

### AI in court filings: between innovation and responsibility

11 May 2026

Delissen Martens outlines how judges assess AI output: sources must be traceable, claims verifiable, and article 21 of the Dutch Code of Civil Procedure remains leading. There is no AI excuse for incorrect or fabricated citations.

[Source: Delissen Martens](https://www.delissenmartens.nl/nl/actueel/ai-in-processtukken-tussen-innovatie-en-verantwoordelijkheid)

### Lawyer blunders at Enterprise Chamber with fictional case law

9 April 2026

At the Enterprise Chamber, a lawyer cited non-existent case law in a shareholder dispute. Judges spoke of AI that had “run amok”. Corrections produced new fictional ECLI numbers. The case ended in a settlement.

[Source: FD](https://fd.nl/samenleving/1592309/advocaat-blundert-met-ai-door-op-zitting-te-verwijzen-naar-niet-bestaande-jurisprudentie)

### Lawyer previously reprimanded again cites AI case law

16 March 2026

A Rotterdam lawyer previously called out for AI-hallucinated case law again submitted non-existent judgments at the same court. The court disregarded the reliance on that purported case law.

[Source: Mr. Online](https://www.mr-online.nl/advocaat-komt-twee-keer-bij-zelfde-rechtbank-met-ai-jurisprudentie-aanzetten/)

### Cantonal judge raises alarm over non-existent judgment and possible AI use

1 March 2026

In an Eindhoven tenancy case, a lawyer withdrew eight ECLI citations because they could not be traced. One number did not exist; seven others belonged to completely different cases. The judge demanded an explanation of suspected AI use.

[Source: ED](https://www.ed.nl/eindhoven/kantonrechter-slaat-alarm-advocaat-verwijst-naar-niet-bestaande-uitspraak-mogelijk-door-inzet-ai~a73fc2cc/)

### How do the courts deal with fabricated case law?

26 February 2026

The Innovative Lawyer surveys Dutch cases involving “ChatGPT jurisprudence”: from disregarded claims to abuse of process and a marriage that never became legally valid because of a ChatGPT-written ceremony speech.

[Source: The Innovative Lawyer](https://theinnovativelawyer.ai/insights/hoe-gaat-de-rechtspraak-om-met-verzonnen-jurisprudentie)

### Cantonal judge demands explanation of suspected AI use

24 February 2026

A cantonal judge at the Oost-Brabant court ordered a lawyer to explain by submission after incorrect ECLI numbers were withdrawn in a tenancy case. Judgments had often stopped at a reprimand; here the court went a step further.

[Source: Mr. Online](https://www.mr-online.nl/advocaat-moet-kantonrechter-uitleg-geven-over-ai-gebruik/)

### First disciplinary measures for lawyers

22 February 2026

Three lawyers received a warning and two had to take a mandatory course after citing non-existent judgments generated by ChatGPT in court filings. Judges in Arnhem, Rotterdam, and Groningen spotted the errors.

[Source: NOS](https://nos.nl/artikel/2603525-advocaten-krijgen-waarschuwing-en-moeten-op-cursus-na-verkeerd-gebruik-ai)

### Daily work: correcting clients’ AI texts

16 February 2026

Many Dutch lawyers report spending time every day correcting AI-generated client texts that regularly contain errors in statute articles, deadlines, and citations.

[Source: AI Insider](https://aiinsider.nl/nieuws/nederlandse-advocaten-dagtaak-aan-corrigeren-van-chatgpt-antwoorden/)

### The use of AI in legal proceedings

4 February 2026

Stibbe analyses when substandard AI court filings contribute to abuse of process. AI is allowed, but creates a verification duty: every citation to case law or statute must be checked individually.

[Source: Stibbe](https://www.stibbe.com/nl/publications-and-insights/het-gebruik-van-ai-in-juridische-procedures)

### ChatGPT and abuse of procedural law

7 January 2026

Several Dutch cases show that uncritical AI use can lead to inadmissibility or extra procedural costs. Judges have described such work as legal shoddy work.

[Source: AI Insider](https://aiinsider.nl/nieuws/chatgpt-in-rechtszaken-openai-tool-vergroot-misbruik-van-procesrecht/)

### Fake case law: the risk of unnoticed AI fiction in filings

5 August 2025

AI-Forum describes how persuasively written but non-existent case law can influence proceedings unnoticed. The analysis stresses that fabricated sources are not always spotted immediately, so structural source checks remain essential.

[Source: AI-Forum](https://www.ai-forum.nl/art/90-6517_Nepjurisprudentie-hoe-AI-de-rechtspraak-kan-beinvloeden-zonder-dat-iemand-het-doorheeft)

### Warnings from the Bar and the judiciary

Both the [Netherlands Bar Association](https://www.advocatenorde.nl/) and the [Council for the Judiciary](https://www.rechtspraak.nl/) have warned about the risks of generative AI when drafting pleadings, advice, and court filings.

## International examples

Courts outside the Netherlands are also alert to AI-generated legal texts with fabricated or incorrect citations.

### Canada: judge warns lawyers

15 February 2024

A Canadian judge published an explicit warning to lawyers not to trust generative AI blindly when drafting court filings.

[Source: Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/canadian-judge-warns-lawyers-not-use-ai-court-filings-2024-02-15/)

### United Kingdom: fictional judgments in a court procedure

13 February 2024

A lawyer used AI for a court procedure and cited multiple fictional judgments. The court spoke of gross negligence.

[Source: The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/law/2024/feb/13/lawyer-used-chatgpt-to-write-court-filing-with-fake-cases)

### New York: non-existent cases in a filing

27 May 2023

A lawyer submitted a filing with six non-existent cases invented by ChatGPT. The judge called it absurd and considered sanctions.

[Source: The New York Times](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/27/nyregion/lawyer-chatgpt-sanctions.html)

### Why this matters

As a legal professional, you remain responsible for the content you submit or sign. VeriLeges is a fixed, reproducible verification layer that checks AI texts for incorrect citations - without using generative AI itself.

### An existing source is not automatically a stable source

Fabricated case law is one risk. A second is subtler: a real judgment that was later quashed in the same case. Where metadata allows, VeriLeges can show that as a review signal - so you do not miss that check among dozens of citations.

## Want to check AI legal text faster?

Start free and see which signals you get.

[Start free with VeriLeges](https://app.verileges.nl/auth/signup?lng=en)

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**Topics:** [Check ECLIs](https://www.verileges.nl/en/ecli-controleren?hsLang=en) · [Case law](https://www.verileges.nl/en/jurisprudentie-controleren?hsLang=en) · [Source checklist](https://www.verileges.nl/en/resources/ai-juridische-bronnen-checklist?hsLang=en) · [Bar AI recommendations](https://www.verileges.nl/resources/aanbevelingen-ai-advocatuur?hsLang=en)  
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